详解数据分析中的方差，标准差和异常值的使用

Context

By default, the Pulumi import the resource in the region which is specified in the Pulumi.yaml or Pulumi.<stack-name>.yaml file. If we import the resources which is located in other regions. It will cause the error by using pulumi import command.

For example, we have quicksight resources such like DataSource, DataSet located in the eu-west-1 region, we already manage these resources in the pulumi by using pulumi import CLI command. All resources are located in eu-west-1 region. It is specified in the Pulumi.yaml or Pulumi.<stack-name>.yaml file like below.

config:
  aws:region: eu-west-1

Now we also want to import the existing resources such like QuickSight user Groups into the pulumi. But the AWS Quicksight user Groups resources all are located in the us-east-1 region. The pulumi will give us the error if we try to import the other region resource direclty.

This is because the Pulumi is using default provider for the AWS resources. The default provider is set to the region which is specified in the Pulumi.yaml or Pulumi.<stack-name>.yaml file. So, if we want to import the resources from other region, we need to specify the provider for that region.

Pulumi Provider

A Pulumi provider is a plugin that enables Pulumi to interact with a specific cloud provider or service. These providers are responsible for translating the Pulumi code into the appropriate API calls for the target cloud platform.

By default, each provider uses its package’s global configuration settings, which are controlled by your stack’s configuration. You can set information such as your cloud provider credentials with environment variables and configuration files. If you store this data in standard locations, Pulumi knows how to retrieve them. For example, you can run below command to set the AWS region to eu-west-1 region for the AWS provider configuration.

pulumi config set aws:region eu-west-1

This command actually will set the aws:region configuration value for the AWS provider in your Pulumi stack yaml file. You can also define the provider in your pulumi code, and create related resources in the specified region.

import pulumi
import pulumi_aws as aws

# Create a new provider for the us-east-1 region
us_east_1_provider = aws.Provider('us-east-1', region='us-east-1')
# Create the Quicksight Groups resources in the us-east-1 region
quicksight_group = aws.quicksight.Group(
    "dev",
    aws_account_id="<aws-account-id>",
    group_name="dev",
    opts=pulumi.ResourceOptions(
        provider=us_east_1_provider
    )
)

In above code, we create a new provider for the us-east-1 region and then create the Quicksight user Groups resources in the us-east-1 region. The provider option is used to specify the provider to use for the resource. Even we have global configuration for the eu-west-1 region, we can still create the resources in the us-east-1 region by specifying the provider.

Importing the AWS Resources of the Other Region

Back to previous topic, if we want to import the AWS Quicksight Users and Groups resources from the us-east-1 region in current pulumi stack from the command line, we need to specify the provider for the pulumi command line. The Pulumi CLI import command takes an additional --provider option to specify the provider to use for the import.

pulumi import aws:quicksight/group:Group dev xxxxxx/default/dev --provider name=urn

In above command, we are importing the aws:quicksight/group:Group resource with the dev name in the provider. For the --provider option, The name is the name of the provider to use for the import, and urn is the URN of the provider to use for the import. Typically, the resource urns in pulumis is below format.

urn:pulumi:production::acmecorp-website::custom:resources:Resource$aws:s3/bucket:Bucket::my-bucket
           ^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^
           <stack-name> <project-name>   <parent-type>             <resource-type>       <resource-name>

If there is no parent-type in the resource urn, the urns will be like below format.

urn:pulumi:production::acmecorp-website::aws:s3/bucket:Bucket::my-bucket
           ^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^
           <stack-name> <project-name>   <resource-type>       <resource-name>

For the details of Pulumi Resources URNs, please refer to the Pulumi URNs.

In our scenario, we can import the Quicksight Groups resources from the us-east-1 region by using the provider. There is one thing is important to note For example, we don’t have any Provider resources for the us-east-1 region in our current stack. If we run below command to import the Quicksight Groups resources from the us-east-1 region, it will fail. Below is an examle of the full import resource with --provider option

pulumi import aws:quicksight/group:Group dev <aws-account-id>/default/dev --provider us_east_1_provider=urn:pulumi:<pulumi-project-name>::quicksight::pulumi:providers:aws::us_east_1_provider

The <aws-account-id> and <pulumi-project-name> are placeholder just for example. Without the Provider resource for the us-east-1 region, the import command will fail as below error message.

Preview failed: bad provider reference 'us_east_1_provider=urn:pulumi:<pulumi-project-name>::quicksight::pulumi:providers:aws::us_east_1_provider' is not valid URN'

The error full screenshot is below.

To fix this issue, we need to create the Provider resource for the us-east-1 region in our current stack. We can do this by adding the Provider resource in in our Pulumi code and using Pulumi up command to create the resource.

import pulumi
import pulumi_aws as aws

# Create a new provider for the us-east-1 region
us_east_1_provider = aws.Provider('us-east-1', region='us-east-1')

After that, we can run the import command again to import the Quicksight Groups resources from the us-east-1 region. And now you will see the Quicksight Groups resources of the us-east-1 region in your pulumi stack.

Summary

To import the AWS resources of the other region, we need to specify the provider for the pulumi command line. The Pulumi CLI import command takes an additional --provider option to specify the provider to use for the import. The provider resource should be created in pulumi before importing the resources of the other region resource.