代码审查(Code Review)一直是一个高效团队里面必备的流程，团队成员可以通过它达到技术交流，相互学习以及提升自身编码水平的目的。当然它的目的并不止于此，我们在做某一件事的过程中，所用的技能和工具不外乎都是为了能使结果更符合我们的期望，就拿建筑工程来说，质量控制就是其把控最严的一关，有专门的质量管理领导小组、质量组织管理体系制度来贯穿这个过程，其最终目的就是为了使这栋建筑坚固牢稳，避免随时有可能崩塌的危险。

Note: the original website address in here

Technical notes

The contents of files are not actually stored in the index (.git/index) or in commit objects. Rather, each file is stored in the object database (.git/objects) as a blob, identified by its SHA-1 hash. The index file lists the filenames along with the identifier of the associated blob, as well as some other data. For commits, there is an additional data type, a tree, also identified by its hash. Trees correspond to directories in the working directory, and contain a list of trees and blobs corresponding to each filename within that directory. Each commit stores the identifier of its top-level tree, which in turn contains all of the blobs and other trees associated with that commit.

Note: the original website address in here

Reset command

The reset command moves the current branch to another position, and optionally updates the stage and the working directory. It also is used to copy files from the history to the stage without touching the working directory.

If a commit is given with no filenames, the current branch is moved to that commit, and then the stage is updated to match this commit. If –hard is given, the working directory is also updated. If –soft is given, neither is updated.

Note: the original website address in here

Rebase command

A rebase is an alternative to a merge for combining multiple branches. Whereas a merge creates a single commit with two parents, leaving a non-linear history, a rebase replays the commits from the current branch onto another, leaving a linear history. In essence, this is an automated way of performing several cherry-picks in a row.

Note: the original website address in here

Merge command

A merge creates a new commit that incorporates changes from other commits. Before merging, the stage must match the current commit. The trivial case is if the other commit is an ancestor of the current commit, in which case nothing is done. The next most simple is if the current commit is an ancestor of the other commit. This results in a fast-forward merge. The reference is simply moved, and then the new commit is checked out.

Note: the original website address is here

Diff Command

There are various ways to look at differences between commits. Below are some common examples. Any of these commands can optionally take extra filename arguments that limit the differences to the named files.

Note: the original website address in here

Commit command

When you commit, git creates a new commit object using the files from the stage and sets the parent to the current commit. It then points the current branch to this new commit. In the image below, the current branch is master. Before the command was run, master pointed to ed489. Afterward, a new commit, f0cec, was created, with parent ed489, and then master was moved to the new commit.

Note: the original website address in here Cherry-pick commandThe cherry-pick command “copies” a commit, creating a new

Note: the original website address in here

Checkout

The checkout command is used to copy files from the history (or stage) to the working directory, and to optionally switch branches.

When a filename (and/or -p) is given, git copies those files from the given commit to the stage and the working directory. For example, git checkout HEAD~ foo.c copies the file foo.c from the commit called HEAD~ (the parent of the current commit) to the working directory, and also stages it. (If no commit name is given, files are copied from the stage.) Note that the current branch is not changed.

Note: the original website address is here

Conventions